Building official

The building official is the individual legally responsible for administering and enforcing the building code within a jurisdiction. Where the code refers to the authority having jurisdiction, this is generally the person that means.

The authority the role carries

• Interpreting code provisions where they are ambiguous
• Approving alternative methods and materials that meet the code's intent without following its letter
• Granting or denying permits
• Issuing stop-work orders
• Directing the plans examiners and inspectors who work under them

The interpretation authority is the significant one. Codes cannot anticipate every condition, and the building official's reading of a provision is binding within their jurisdiction. It is also why the same code text is enforced differently one city over.

Alternative means and methods

Most codes include a provision letting the building official accept a design that does not follow the prescriptive requirements but demonstrably meets the intent. It is the pressure valve for unusual buildings, existing structures, and new materials, and using it means making a documented case rather than arguing.

Appeals

Decisions can normally be appealed to a board of appeals or a similar body. This is a formal process with deadlines, and it is used far less often than people threaten to use it.